Indonesia · Estratovolcán
Gamalama
- Tipo
- Estratovolcán
- Altitud
- 1714 m
- Última erupción
- 2018
- Tipo
- Estratovolcán
- País
- Indonesia
- Región
- Pacífico Occidental / Halmahera Volcanic Arc
- Altitud
- 1714 m
- Coordenadas
- 0.810, 127.332
- Última erupción
- 2018
- Contexto tectónico
- Zona de subducción / Corteza oceánica (< 15 km)
- Forma volcánica
- Compuesto
- Roca principal
- Andesita / Andesita basáltica
Resumen geológico
Gamalama is a near-conical stratovolcano that comprises the entire island of Ternate off the western coast of Halmahera, and is one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes. The island was a major regional center in the Portuguese and Dutch spice trade for several centuries, which contributed to the extensive documentation of activity. Three cones, progressively younger to the north, form the summit. Several maars and vents define a rift zone, parallel to the Halmahera island arc, that cuts the volcano; the S-flank Ngade maar formed after about 14,500–13,000 cal. BP (Faral et al., 2022). Eruptions, recorded frequently since the 16th century, typically originated from the summit craters, although flank eruptions have occurred in 1763, 1770, 1775, and 1962-63.
Resumen de Wikipedia
Resumen en inglésGamalama is a near-conical active stratovolcano that comprises the entire Ternate island in Indonesia. The island lies off the western shore of Halmahera island in the north of the Maluku Islands. For centuries, Ternate was a center of Portuguese and Dutch forts for spice trade, which have accounted for thorough reports of Gamalama's volcanic activities.
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Historial de erupciones
84 registradasGlosarioLínea de tiempo detallada
- 2018VEI 1Observado2018-10-04 – 2018-10-06Summit crater
- 2016VEI 1Observado2016-08-03 – 2016-08-04Summit crater
- 2015VEI 2Observado2015-07-16 – 2015-09-08Summit crater
- 2014VEI 2Observado2014-12-18 – 2014-12-25Summit crater
- 2012VEI 1Observado2012-09-15 – 2012-09-17Summit crater
- 2011VEI 2Observado2011-12-05 – 2011-12-23Summit crater
- 2008VEI 1Método no indicado2008-05-10 – fin desconocido
- 2007VEI 1Método no indicado2007-08-23 – fin desconocido
- 2003VEI 2Observado2003-07-31 – 2003-10-02
- 1996VEI 2Observado1996-07-02 – fin desconocido
- 1994VEI 2Observado1994-01-16 – 1994-10-15
- 1993VEI 2Observado1993-05-06 – 1993-05-21
- 1991VEI 1Método no indicado1991-06-15 – 1991-06-15
- 1990VEI 3Observado1990-04-25 – 1990-04-26
- 1988VEI 2Observado1988-02-12 – 1988-03-16
- 1983VEI 3Observado1983-08-09 – 1983-08-12
- 1980VEI 2Observado1980-09-04 – 1980-09-23
- 1962VEI 2Observado1962-12-31 – 1963-01-02East flank
- 1938VEI 2Observado1938-09-08 – 1938-09-08
- 1933VEI 2Observado1933-11-12 – fin desconocido
- 1932VEI 2Observado1932-11-10 – 1932-11-13
- 1923VEI 2Observado1923-04-13 – 1923-05-06
- 1918VEI 1Observado1918-08-16 – 1918-09-04
- 1911VEI 1Observado1911-09-02 – 1911-09-06
- 1907VEI 2Observado1907-11-17 – 1907-11-20
- 1900VEI 1Método no indicado1900-05-16 – 1900-06-04
- 1898VEI 2Observado1898-05-14 – 1898-05-28
- 1897VEI 1Observado1897-09-07 – 1897-09-24
- 1896VEI 1Método no indicado1896-08-03 – 1896-08-04
- 1895VEI 1Observado1895-12-19 – 1895-12-19
- 1884VEI 2Observado1884-05-16 – 1884-05-16
- 1884VEI 1Método no indicado1884-12-08 – 1884-12-09
- 1871VEI 2Observado1871-08-07 – 1871-09-25
- 1868VEI 1Observado1868-03-13 – 1868-03-13
- 1868VEI 2Observado1868-11-13 – 1869-02-10
- 1864VEI 2Observado1864-01-20 – 1864-02-17
- 1864VEI 1Método no indicado1864-06-04 – 1864-06-25
- 1864VEI 2Observado1864-12-27 – 1865-01-02
- 1863VEI 2Método no indicado1863-05-01 – 1863-06-16
- 1862VEI 2Observado1862-07-15 – 1862-10-16
- 1860VEI 1Método no indicado1860-06-16 – fin desconocido
- 1858VEI 1Método no indicado1858-11-16 – 1859-09-16
- 1849VEI 2Observado1849-11-27 – 1850-11-19
- 1847VEI 2Observado1847-02-07 – 1847-02-07
- 1847VEI ?Observado1847-09-07 – 1847-09-07
- 1846VEI 2Observado1846-05-19 – 1846-05-19
- 1845VEI 1Método no indicado1845-04-23 – 1845-09-03
- 1844VEI 1Método no indicado1844-03-24 – 1844-11-14
- 1843VEI 2Observado1843-04-10 – 1843-05-27
- 1842VEI 1Observado1842-10-06 – 1842-12-31
- 1841VEI 1Método no indicado1841-03-30 – 1841-11-20
- 1840VEI 3Observado1840-02-02 – 1840-09-29
- 1839VEI 2Observado1839-01-29 – 1839-03-26
- 1838VEI 2Observado1838-02-26 – 1838-05-16
- 1835VEI 2Observado1835-01-04 – fin desconocido
- 1833VEI 2Observado1833-06-15 – fin desconocido
- 1831VEI 2Observado1831-05-27 – 1831-06-27
- 1830VEI ?Método no indicado1830-07-02 – fin desconocido
- 1821VEI 1Método no indicado1821-08-22 – fin desconocido
- 1814VEI 2Observado1814-11-27 – 1814-11-28
- 1812VEI 2Observado1812-09-07 – 1812-09-07
- 1811VEI 2Observado1811-02-01 – 1811-05-16
- 1781VEI ?Método no indicado1781 – fin desconocido
- 1775VEI 3Observado1775-08-20 – 1775-11-06Summit and NW flank (100 m)
- 1773VEI 2Observado1773-02-02 – 1773-02-07
- 1773VEI 2Observado1773-10-21 – 1774-01-22
- 1771VEI 3Observado1771-08-28 – 1772-10-09
- 1770VEI 3Observado1770-07-06 – 1770-12-09
- 1763VEI 2Observado1763 – fin desconocidoNorth flank
- 1739VEI 2Observado1739 – fin desconocido
- 1737VEI 2Observado1737-03-10 – 1737-03-13
- 1687VEI 3Observado1687-05-10 – 1687-05-11
- 1686VEI 2Observado1686-09 – 1686-10-13
- 1676VEI 2Observado1676-12-31 – fin desconocido
- 1659VEI 2Observado1659-06 – fin desconocido
- 1653VEI 3Observado1653-12-31 – fin desconocido
- 1648VEI 2Observado1648-06-15 – 1648-06-18
- 1643VEI 2Método no indicado1643-06-15 – fin desconocido
- 1635VEI 2Observado1635-03-29 – fin desconocido
- 1608VEI 3Observado1608-07-18 – 1608-07-19
- 1605VEI 2Observado1605-05 – fin desconocido
- 1561VEI 2Observado1561-12-31 – fin desconocido
- 1538VEI 3Observado1538 – fin desconocido
- 1510 (±10 años)VEI 3Observado1510 – fin desconocido
Volcanes cercanos
Enlaces externos
⚠ Solo como referencia. No apto para respuesta ante emergencias.