Papua Nugini · Kaldera
Kaldera Rabaul
Rabaul
- Tipe
- Kaldera
- Ketinggian
- 688 m
- Letusan terakhir
- 2014
- Tipe
- Kaldera
- Negara
- Papua Nugini
- Wilayah
- Pasifik Barat Daya / Bismarck Volcanic Arc
- Ketinggian
- 688 m
- Koordinat
- -4.246, 152.194
- Letusan terakhir
- 2014
- Kondisi tektonik
- Zona subduksi / Kerak benua (> 25 km)
- Bentuk lahan
- Kaldera
- Batuan utama
- Dasit
Ringkasan geologi
The low-lying Rabaul caldera on the tip of the Gazelle Peninsula at the NE end of New Britain forms a broad sheltered harbor utilized by what was the island's largest city prior to a major eruption in 1994. The outer flanks of the asymmetrical shield volcano are formed by thick pyroclastic-flow deposits. The 8 x 14 km caldera is widely breached on the east, where its floor is flooded by Blanche Bay and was formed about 1,400 years ago. An earlier caldera-forming eruption about 7,100 years ago is thought to have originated from Tavui caldera, offshore to the north. Three small stratovolcanoes lie outside the N and NE caldera rims. Post-caldera eruptions built basaltic-to-dacitic pyroclastic cones on the caldera floor near the NE and W caldera walls. Several of these, including Vulcan cone, which was formed during a large eruption in 1878, have produced major explosive activity during historical time. A powerful explosive eruption in 1994 occurred simultaneously from Vulcan and Tavurvur volcanoes and forced the temporary abandonment of Rabaul city.
Riwayat letusan
19 tercatatGlosariumGaris waktu rinci
- 2014VEI 3Teramati2014-07-07 – 2014-09-18Tavurvur
- 2013VEI 2Teramati2013-01-19 – 2014-03-11Tavurvur
- 2011VEI 2Teramati2011-03-29 – 2011-08-12Tavurvur
- 2010VEI 1Teramati2010-07-23 – 2010-07-25Tavurvur
- 2006VEI 4Teramati2006-08-11 – 2010-01-31Tavurvur
- 2005VEI 2Teramati2005-01-25 – 2006-02-17Tavurvur
- 2002VEI 2Teramati2002-10-06 – 2004-02-17Tavurvur
- 1995VEI 2Teramati1995-11-28 – 2001-09-05Tavurvur
- 1994VEI 4Teramati1994-09-19 – 1995-04-16Tavurvur and Vulcan
- 1943VEI 2Teramati1943-11-24 – 1943-12-23Tavurvur
- 1941VEI 2Teramati1941-06-06 – 1942-03-31Tavurvur
- 1940VEI 1Teramati1940-02-04 – 1940-05-18Tavurvur
- 1937VEI 4Teramati1937-05-29 – 1937-06-02Vulcan and Tavurvur
- 1878VEI 3Teramati1878-01-30 – 1878-02-26Vulcan Island and Tavurvur
- 1850VEI 2Teramati1850-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahuiSulfur Creek
- 1791VEI 2Teramati1791-05-22 – akhir tidak diketahuiTavurvur
- 1767VEI 2Teramati1767-09-10 – akhir tidak diketahuiTavurvur ?
- 1450 (±150 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi1450 – akhir tidak diketahuiNE caldera rim (Rabalanakia)
- 683 (±2 tahun)VEI 6Perkiraan geologi683 – akhir tidak diketahui
Gunung api terdekat
Tautan eksternal
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