Indonesia · Stratovolkan
Gunung Bromo
Tengger Caldera
- Tipe
- Stratovolkan
- Ketinggian
- 2329 m
- Letusan terakhir
- 2023
- Tipe
- Stratovolkan
- Negara
- Indonesia
- Wilayah
- Sunda & Banda / Sunda Volcanic Arc
- Ketinggian
- 2329 m
- Koordinat
- -7.942, 112.950
- Letusan terakhir
- 2023
- Kondisi tektonik
- Zona subduksi / Kerak benua (> 25 km)
- Bentuk lahan
- Komposit
- Batuan utama
- Trakiandesit / Trakiandesit basaltik
Ringkasan geologi
The 16-km-wide Tengger caldera is located at the northern end of a volcanic massif extending from Semeru volcano. The massive volcanic complex dates back to about 820,000 years ago and consists of five overlapping stratovolcanoes, each truncated by a caldera. Lava domes, pyroclastic cones, and a maar occupy the flanks of the massif. The Ngadisari caldera at the NE end of the complex formed about 150,000 years ago and is now drained through the Sapikerep valley. The most recent of the calderas is the 9 x 10 km wide Sandsea caldera at the SW end of the complex, which formed incrementally during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. An overlapping cluster of post-caldera cones was constructed on the floor of the Sandsea caldera within the past several thousand years. The youngest of these is Bromo, one of Java's most active and most frequently visited volcanoes.
Ringkasan Wikipedia
Ringkasan InggrisBromo Tengger Semeru National Park is a national park located in East Java, Indonesia, to the east of Malang, to the west of Lumajang, to the south of Pasuruan and Probolinggo, and to the southeast of Surabaya, the capital of East Java. It is the only conservation area in Indonesia that has a sand sea, the Tengger Sand Sea, across which is the caldera of an ancient volcano (Tengger) from which four new volcanic cones have emerged. This unique feature covers a total area of 5,250 hectares at an altitude of about 2,100 meters (6,900 ft). The massif also contains the highest mountain in Java, Mount Semeru, four lakes, and 50 rivers. It is named after the Tenggerese people. The explosion of the volcano that created the caldera, happened ca. 45.000 years ago, in an event similar to the Krakatau eruption.
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Riwayat letusan
72 tercatatGlosariumGaris waktu rinci
- 2023VEI 1Teramati2023-12-13 – 2023-12-13
- 2021VEI 0Teramati2021-04-15 – 2021-10-22Bromo
- 2020VEI 1Teramati2020-12-26 – 2020-12-28
- 2019VEI 2Teramati2019-02-18 – 2019-07-28Bromo
- 2015VEI 2Teramati2015-11-12 – 2016-11-12Bromo cone
- 2010VEI 3Teramati2010-11-26 – 2011-06-13Bromo
- 2004VEI 2Teramati2004-06-08 – 2004-06-24Bromo
- 2000VEI 2Teramati2000-11-29 – 2001-01-15Bromo
- 1995VEI 1Teramati1995-03-03 – 1995-05-26Bromo
- 1995VEI 1Teramati1995-09-09 – 1995-12-16Bromo
- 1984VEI 1Teramati1984-05-12 – 1984-05-31Bromo
- 1983VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1983-04-15 – 1983-06-28Bromo
- 1983VEI 1Teramati1983-12-21 – 1983-12-21Bromo
- 1980VEI 2Teramati1980-06-05 – 1980-09-20Bromo
- 1972VEI 2Teramati1972-01-26 – 1972-03-16Bromo
- 1956VEI 2Teramati1956-06-16 – 1956-07-16Bromo
- 1955VEI 2Teramati1955-12-29 – 1955-12-30Bromo
- 1950VEI 2Teramati1950-05-27 – 1950-08-16Bromo
- 1948VEI 3Teramati1948-02-15 – 1948-04-25Bromo
- 1940VEI 2Teramati1940-04-25 – 1940-07-03Bromo
- 1939VEI 2Teramati1939-06-24 – 1939-07-16Bromo
- 1935VEI 2Teramati1935-07-16 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1930VEI 2Teramati1930-05-30 – 1930-07-16Bromo
- 1929VEI 2Teramati1929-08-07 – 1929-09-08Bromo
- 1928VEI 2Teramati1928-03-15 – 1928-07-16Bromo
- 1928VEI 2Teramati1928-12-16 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1922VEI 2Teramati1922-02-05 – 1922-06-20Bromo
- 1921VEI 2Teramati1921-06-16 – 1921-10-17Bromo
- 1915VEI 3Teramati1915-11-16 – 1916-06-16Bromo
- 1910VEI 2Teramati1910-01-18 – 1910-01-21Bromo
- 1909VEI 2Teramati1909-01-12 – 1909-01-14Bromo
- 1907VEI 2Teramati1907-08-28 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1907VEI 2Teramati1907-12-14 – 1908-02-13Bromo
- 1906VEI 2Teramati1906-09-25 – 1907-05-18Bromo
- 1896VEI 2Teramati1896-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1893VEI 2Teramati1893-01-13 – 1893-03-27Bromo
- 1890VEI 2Teramati1890-05-16 – 1890-09-16Bromo
- 1888VEI 2Metode tidak dinyatakan1888-02-27 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1886VEI 2Teramati1886-04-15 – 1886-04-26Bromo
- 1886VEI 2Teramati1886-11-11 – 1887-01-25Bromo
- 1885VEI 2Teramati1885-06-16 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1885VEI 2Teramati1885-10-31 – 1886-01-10Bromo
- 1877VEI 2Teramati1877-04-24 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1867VEI 2Teramati1867-12-13 – 1868-01-12Bromo
- 1866VEI 2Teramati1866-07-16 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1865VEI 2Teramati1865-12-01 – 1865-12-18Bromo
- 1865VEI 2Teramati1865-04-16 – 1865-05-16Bromo
- 1860VEI 2Teramati1860-06-12 – 1860-06-14Bromo
- 1859VEI 2Teramati1859-01-30 – 1859-03-04Bromo
- 1858VEI 2Teramati1858-03-04 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1858VEI 2Teramati1858-10-18 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1857VEI 2Teramati1857-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1856VEI 2Metode tidak dinyatakan1856-09-10 – akhir tidak diketahuiVolcano Uncertain
- 1844VEI 2Teramati1844-11-09 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1843VEI 2Teramati1843-01-16 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1842VEI 2Teramati1842-01-24 – 1842-06-16Bromo
- 1835VEI 2Teramati1835-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1830VEI 2Teramati1830-03-03 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1830VEI 2Teramati1830-12-15 – 1830-12-16Bromo
- 1829VEI 2Teramati1829-11-05 – 1829-11-11Bromo
- 1825VEI 2Teramati1825-11-05 – 1825-11-08Bromo
- 1822VEI 2Teramati1822-12-28 – 1823-01-05Bromo
- 1820VEI 2Teramati1820-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1815VEI 2Teramati1815-04-05 – 1815-04-17Bromo
- 1804VEI 2Teramati1804-09-16 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1775VEI ?Metode tidak dinyatakan1775 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1767VEI ?Metode tidak dinyatakan1767 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 1590 (±50 tahun)VEI 2Perkiraan geologi1590 – akhir tidak diketahuiBromo
- 330 (±50 tahun)VEI 3Perkiraan geologi330 – akhir tidak diketahuiSegorowedi
- 190 (±50 tahun)VEI 2Perkiraan geologi190 – akhir tidak diketahuiWidodaren
- 830 SM (±50 tahun)VEI 4Perkiraan geologi830 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiSandsea caldera
- 5260 SM (±780 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi5260 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiSandsea caldera
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