Jepang · Kaldera
Kaldera Aira
Aira
- Tipe
- Kaldera
- Ketinggian
- 1117 m
- Letusan terakhir
- 2026
- Tipe
- Kaldera
- Negara
- Jepang
- Wilayah
- Pasifik Barat / Ryukyu Volcanic Arc
- Ketinggian
- 1117 m
- Koordinat
- 31.577, 130.659
- Letusan terakhir
- 2026
- Kondisi tektonik
- Zona subduksi / Kerak benua (> 25 km)
- Bentuk lahan
- Kaldera
- Batuan utama
- Andesit / Andesit basaltik
Ringkasan geologi
The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active. Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the caldera, along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim and built an island that was joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit cone ended about 4,850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Frequent eruptions since the 8th century have deposited ash on the city of Kagoshima, located across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest recorded eruption took place during 1471-76.
Ringkasan Wikipedia
Ringkasan InggrisAira Caldera is a gigantic volcanic caldera located on the southern end of Kyushu, Japan. It is believed to have been formed about 30,000 years ago with a succession of pyroclastic surges. It is currently the place of residence to over 900,000 people. The shores of Aira Caldera have rare flora and fauna, including Japanese bay tree and Japanese black pine. The caldera contains the active Mount Sakurajima.
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Riwayat letusan
53 tercatatGlosariumGaris waktu rinci
- 2017VEI 2Teramati2017-03-25 – 2026-03-23Minamidake summit crater
- 1955VEI 3Teramati1955-10-13 – 2016-08-22Minami-dake and east flank (Showa crater)
- 1954VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1954-11-16 – 1954-12-16Minami-dake
- 1950VEI 1Teramati1950-06-29 – 1950-09-09Minami-dake
- 1948VEI 1Teramati1948-07-27 – 1948-07-27East flank of Minami-dake (750 m)
- 1946VEI 2Teramati1946-01-16 – 1946-11-16East flank of Minami-dake (750 m)
- 1942VEI 1Teramati1942-07-16 – 1942-07-16East flank of Minami-dake (750 m)
- 1941VEI 2Teramati1941-04-28 – 1941-08-26East flank of Minami-dake (750 m)
- 1940VEI 2Teramati1940-04-24 – 1940-07-09Minami-dake and east flank (750 m)
- 1939VEI 2Teramati1939-10-26 – 1939-11-12East flank of Minami-dake (750 m)
- 1938VEI 2Teramati1938-02-25 – 1938-03-31Minami-dake
- 1935VEI 1Teramati1935-09-20 – 1935-09-24Minami-dake
- 1914VEI 4Teramati1914-01-12 – 1915-05-16West, east and SE flanks
- 1899VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1899-09-24 – 1899-09-25Minami-dake
- 1860VEI 1Teramati1860-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1799VEI 2Teramati1799-03-27 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1797VEI 2Teramati1797 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1794VEI 2Teramati1794 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1792VEI 2Metode tidak dinyatakan1792 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1791VEI 2Teramati1791-09-11 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1790VEI 2Teramati1790-07-29 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1785VEI 2Teramati1785-11-20 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1783VEI 3Teramati1783-09-03 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1782VEI 2Teramati1782-01-18 – akhir tidak diketahuiNE flank (offshore)
- 1779VEI 4Teramati1779-11-08 – 1781-05NE flank, off NE coast, south flank
- 1756VEI 2Teramati1756-09-09 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1749VEI 2Teramati1749-09 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake summit, west flank?
- 1742VEI 2Teramati1742-04-06 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1706VEI 2Teramati1706-01 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1678VEI 2Teramati1678-03-01 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1670VEI 2Metode tidak dinyatakan1670-06-01 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1642VEI 2Teramati1642-04-06 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1478VEI 2Teramati1478-09-23 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1471VEI 5Teramati1471-11-03 – 1476-10-08NE and SW flanks, summit crater
- 1468VEI 2Teramati1468 – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 778VEI 0Teramati778 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 766VEI 3Teramati766-07-20 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 764VEI 4Teramati764-01 – akhir tidak diketahuiEast flank (Nabe-yama)
- 716VEI 3Teramati716 – 718
- 712VEI 3Metode tidak dinyatakan712 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 708VEI 3Teramati708 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 650 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi650 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiMinami-dake
- 1050 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi1050 SM – akhir tidak diketahui
- 2050 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi2050 SM – akhir tidak diketahui
- 2900 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi2900 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiKita-dake
- 3050 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi3050 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiKita-dake
- 4800 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi4800 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiKita-dake
- 5400 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi5400 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiKita-dake
- 5950 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi5950 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiKita-dake
- 6050 SMVEI 5Perkiraan geologi6050 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiKita-dake
- 6350 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi6350 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiKita-dake
- 7750 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi7750 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiKita-dake
- 8050 SM (±1000 tahun)VEI 6Perkiraan geologi8050 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiWakamiko Caldera
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Tautan eksternal
⚠ Untuk referensi saja. Bukan untuk tanggap darurat.