Islandia · Stratovolkan
Askja
- Tipe
- Stratovolkan
- Ketinggian
- 1080 m
- Letusan terakhir
- 1961
- Tipe
- Stratovolkan
- Negara
- Islandia
- Wilayah
- Samudra Atlantik / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
- Ketinggian
- 1080 m
- Koordinat
- 65.033, -16.783
- Letusan terakhir
- 1961
- Kondisi tektonik
- Zona rift / Kerak samudra (< 15 km)
- Bentuk lahan
- Komposit
- Batuan utama
- Basal / Pikrobasal
Ringkasan geologi
Askja is a large basaltic central volcano that forms the Dyngjufjöll massif. It is truncated by three overlapping calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide and may have been produced primarily from subglacial ring-fracture eruptions rather than by subsidence. A major rhyolitic explosive eruption from Dyngjufjöll about 10,000 years ago was in part associated with the formation of Askja caldera. Many postglacial eruptions also occurred along the ring-fracture. A major explosive eruption on the SE caldera margin in 1875 was one of Iceland's largest during historical time. It resulted in the formation of a smaller 4.5-km-wide caldera, now filled by Öskjuvatn lake, that truncates the rim of the larger central caldera. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagja graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system, as are several small shield volcanoes such as Kollatadyngja. Twentieth-century eruptions have produced lava flows from vents located mostly near Öskjuvatn lake.
Ringkasan Wikipedia
Askja adalah gunung berapi aktif yang terletak di daerah terpencil di dataran tinggi tengah Islandia. Nama Askja mengacu pada kompleks kaldera yang terdapat di pegunungan Dyngjufjöll [ˈtiɲcʏˌfjœtl̥] di sekitarnya, yang menjulang setinggi 1.514 m. Kata "askja" berarti "kotak" atau "kaldera" dalam bahasa Islandia.
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Riwayat letusan
14 tercatatGlosariumGaris waktu rinci
- 1961VEI 2Teramati1961-10-26 – 1961-12-05North of Öskjuvatn lake (Vikraborgir)
- 1938VEI 2Teramati1938-12-19 – akhir tidak diketahuiSouth shore of Öskjuvatn lake
- 1926VEI 2Teramati1926-07-15 – akhir tidak diketahuiSouth end of Öskjuvatn lake
- 1924VEI 0Teramati1924-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahuiSouth flank of Dyngjufjöll massif
- 1923VEI 0Teramati1923-01-15 – akhir tidak diketahuiSE corner of Öskjuvatn Caldera
- 1922VEI 0Teramati1922-11-16 – akhir tidak diketahui1 km SW of Öskjuvatn Caldera
- 1921VEI 0Teramati1921-03-16 – akhir tidak diketahuiNE caldera wall, 0.6 km SE of Viti
- 1919VEI 2Teramati1919-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahuiDyngjufjöll
- 1875VEI 5Teramati1875-01-01 – 1875-10-17Öskjuvatn Caldera, Viti, Sveinagja
- 1797VEI 0Teramati1797 – akhir tidak diketahuiHoluhraun
- 1300VEI 1Perkiraan geologi1300 – akhir tidak diketahuiSouth of Dyngjufjöll Ytri
- 1250 SM (±300 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi1250 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiLitladynga and Askja
- 2050 SM (±500 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi2050 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiFlatadyngja, other areas NE of Dyngjufjöll
- 8910 SM (±200 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi8910 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiSE part of Askja caldera
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Tautan eksternal
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