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Solomon Islands · Stratovolcano

Tinakula

Type
Stratovolcano
Elevation
796m
Last eruption
2024
Tinakula
Photo: Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Stratovolcano
Country
Solomon Islands
Region
Southwestern Pacific / Vanuatu Volcanic Arc
Elevation
796m
Coordinates
-10.386, 165.804
Last eruption
2024
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Crustal thickness unknown
Landform
Composite
Major rock type
Andesite / Basaltic andesite
Geological summary

The small 3.5-km-wide island of Tinakula is the exposed summit of a massive stratovolcano at the NW end of the Santa Cruz islands. It has a breached summit crater that extends from the summit to below sea level. Landslides enlarged this scarp in 1965, creating an embayment on the NW coast. The Mendana cone is located on the SE side. The dominantly andesitic volcano has frequently been observed in eruption since the era of Spanish exploration began in 1595. In about 1840 an explosive eruption apparently produced pyroclastic flows that swept all sides of the island, killing its inhabitants. Recorded eruptions have frequently originated from a cone constructed within the large breached crater. These have left the upper flanks and the steep apron of lava flows and volcaniclastic debris within the breach unvegetated.

From Wikipedia

Tinakula is a conical stratovolcano which forms an island north of Nendo in Temotu Province, Solomon Islands. It lies at the north end of the Santa Cruz Islands. It is about 3.5 kilometres wide and rises 851 metres above sea level, rising three to four kilometres from the sea floor. The volcano was first recorded in eruption in 1595 when Spanish explorer Álvaro de Mendaña sailed past it during his second expedition across the Pacific Ocean. Tinakula has also been known in the past as Tamami or Volcano Island.

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Eruption history

28 recordedGlossary
Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions · Use arrow keys to move between bars, Enter to open
1050 BCE~858 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?1443~1635 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 31635~1826 · 2 eruptions · max VEI 21826~2018 · 24 eruptions · max VEI 31050 BCE283 BCE48410591826

Detailed timeline

  1. 2018VEI 2Observed
    2018-12-08 – 2024-12-31
    Summit vent and NW flank
  2. 2017VEI 3Observed
    2017-10-21 – 2017-10-26
    Summit crater
  3. 2008VEI 1Observed
    2008-09-19 – 2008-11-29
  4. 2006VEI 2Observed
    2006-02-11 – 2007-11-09
  5. 2002VEI 1Observed
    2002-04-16 – end unknown
    Upper NW flank
  6. 2002VEI 1Method not stated
    2002-11-16 – end unknown
  7. 2000VEI 1Observed
    2000-02-29 – 2001-05-08
  8. 1999VEI 1Observed
    1999-05-16 – end unknown
  9. 1995VEI 1Observed
    1995-07-02 – end unknown
  10. 1989VEI 1Observed
    1989-08-16 – 1990-02-16
  11. 1984VEI 2Observed
    1984-06-03 – 1985-06-13
    Upper NW flank
  12. 1971VEI 2Observed
    1971-09-06 – 1971-12-11
    Upper and lower NW flanks
  13. 1965VEI 3Observed
    1965-11-23 – 1966-06-11
    Upper NW flank
  14. 1955VEI 2Method not stated
    1955-08-16 – 1955-10-15
  15. 1951VEI 3Observed
    1951-10-23 – 1951-11-27
  16. 1932VEI 1Observed
    1932-05-11 – end unknown
  17. 1927VEI 2Observed
    1927-03-01 – 1927-03-04
  18. 1909VEI 2Observed
    1909-08-16 – end unknown
  19. 1897VEI 2Observed
    1897-03-26 – end unknown
  20. 1886VEI ?Observed
    1886-07-02 – end unknown
  21. 1871VEI 2Observed
    1871-09-16 – 1871-09-19
  22. 1869VEI 2Observed
    1869-03-16 – end unknown
  23. 1855VEI 2Observed
    1855-08-16 – 1857-08-16
  24. 1840VEI 3Observed
    1840-07-02 – end unknown
  25. 1797VEI 1Observed
    1797 – end unknown
  26. 1767VEI 2Observed
    1767-08-17 – end unknown
  27. 1595VEI 3Observed
    1595-09-07 – 1595-09-14
  28. 1050 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    1050 BCE – end unknown

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