Skip to main content
Back to map
CompareShow on map

Iceland · Stratovolcano

Trölladyngja

Bardarbunga

Type
Stratovolcano
Elevation
2000m
Last eruption
2015
Trölladyngja
Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Stratovolcano
Country
Iceland
Region
Atlantic Ocean / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
Elevation
2000m
Coordinates
64.633, -17.516
Last eruption
2015
Tectonic setting
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Landform
Composite
Major rock type
Basalt / Picro-basalt
Geological summary

The large central volcano of Bárðarbunga lies beneath the NW part of the Vatnajökull icecap, NW of Grímsvötn volcano, and contains a subglacial 700-m-deep caldera. Related fissure systems include the Veidivötn and Trollagigar fissures, which extend about 100 km SW to near Torfajökull volcano and 50 km NE to near Askja volcano, respectively. Voluminous fissure eruptions, including one at Thjorsarhraun, which produced the largest known Holocene lava flow on Earth with a volume of more than 21 km3, have occurred throughout the Holocene into historical time from the Veidivötn fissure system. The last major eruption of Veidivötn, in 1477, also produced a large tephra deposit. The subglacial Loki-Fögrufjöll volcanic system to the SW is also part of the Bárðarbunga volcanic system and contains two subglacial ridges extending from the largely subglacial Hamarinn central volcano; the Loki ridge trends to the NE and the Fögrufjöll ridge to the SW. Jökulhlaups (glacier-outburst floods) from eruptions at Bárðarbunga potentially affect drainages in all directions.

From Wikipedia

Situated in the Ódáðahraun lava field, Trölladyngja is the biggest of the Icelandic shield volcanoes, reaching a height of 1,460 metres (4,790 ft) above sea level, and rising almost 600 m (2,000 ft) above the surrounding desert and lava fields. It part of the Bárðarbunga volcanic system and has a volume of 15 km3 (3.6 cu mi) with some extensive lava flows to the north of Bárðarbunga.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Read full article →

Eruption history

55 recordedGlossary
Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions · Use arrow keys to move between bars, Enter to open
7100 BCE~6796 BCE · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?6796 BCE~6492 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?5277 BCE~4973 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?4973 BCE~4670 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?4670 BCE~4366 BCE · 3 eruptions · max VEI ?4366 BCE~4062 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?1328 BCE~1024 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?113 BCE~191 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 2799~1103 · 4 eruptions · max VEI 41103~1406 · 6 eruptions · max VEI 11406~1710 · 6 eruptions · max VEI 61710~2014 · 28 eruptions · max VEI 37100 BCE4973 BCE2543 BCE416 BCE1710

Detailed timeline

  1. 2014VEI 0Observed
    2014-08-29 – 2015-02-27
    Holuhraun vent, 45 km NE
  2. 2008VEI 0Method not stated
    2008-08-16 – end unknown
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (West Loki cauldron)
  3. 2006VEI 0Method not stated
    2006-04-16 – end unknown
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  4. 2005VEI 0Method not stated
    2005-07-16 – 2005-08-16
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (West Loki cauldron)
  5. 2002VEI 0Method not stated
    2002-07-16 – 2002-09-16
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (W and E Loki cauldrons)
  6. 2000VEI 0Method not stated
    2000-08-16 – end unknown
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (W and E Loki cauldrons)
  7. 1997VEI 0Method not stated
    1997-08-16 – end unknown
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  8. 1996VEI 0Method not stated
    1996-08-16 – end unknown
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (West Loki cauldron)
  9. 1995VEI 0Method not stated
    1995-07-16 – end unknown
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  10. 1991VEI 0Method not stated
    1991-08-12 – end unknown
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  11. 1986VEI 0Method not stated
    1986-11-29 – 1986-12-01
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  12. 1910VEI 2Observed
    1910-06-18 – 1910-10-16
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  13. 1902VEI 2Method not stated
    1902-12-16 – 1903-06-16
    Volcano Uncertain: Dyngjuhals ?
  14. 1872VEI ?Method not stated
    1872-07-02 – end unknown
    Volcano Uncertain: Dyngjuhals ?
  15. 1862VEI 2Observed
    1862-06-30 – 1864-10-15
    Trollagigar
  16. 1807VEI ?Method not stated
    1807-07-02 – end unknown
    NW-Vatnajökull
  17. 1797VEI ?Method not stated
    1797 – end unknown
    Volcano Uncertain
  18. 1794VEI ?Observed
    1794 – end unknown
  19. 1769VEI 2Method not stated
    1769 – end unknown
    Volcano Uncertain: Bárdarbunga or Grímsvötn
  20. 1766VEI 2Observed
    1766-07 – end unknown
  21. 1750 (±10 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1750 – end unknown
  22. 1739VEI 2Geological estimate
    1739 – end unknown
  23. 1729VEI 1Method not stated
    1729 – end unknown
    Volcano Uncertain: Dyngjuhals ?
  24. 1726VEI 1Observed
    1726-02-01 – 1726-05-01
    Dyngjujökull, Dyngjuhal ?
  25. 1720VEI 2Geological estimate
    1720 – end unknown
  26. 1717VEI 3Observed
    1717-08-04 – 1717-09-17
  27. 1716VEI 2Observed
    1716-10-05 – end unknown
  28. 1712VEI 2Observed
    1712-01-15 – end unknown
  29. 1707VEI 2Observed
    1707 – end unknown
  30. 1706VEI 2Observed
    1706 – end unknown
  31. 1702VEI 2Method not stated
    1702 – end unknown
    Volcano Uncertain: Dyngjuhals ?
  32. 1697VEI 2Geological estimate
    1697 – end unknown
  33. 1477VEI 6Observed
    1477-02 – end unknown
    Veidivötn (Veidivatnahraun)
  34. 1410VEI ?Geological estimate
    1410 – end unknown
  35. 1350 (±10 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1350 – end unknown
  36. 1290 (±10 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1290 – end unknown
  37. 1270 (±10 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1270 – end unknown
  38. 1250 (±50 yrs)VEI 1Geological estimate
    1250 – end unknown
    Frambuni
  39. 1210 (±10 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1210 – end unknown
  40. 1159VEI ?Observed
    1159 – end unknown
  41. 1080VEI ?Geological estimate
    1080 – end unknown
  42. 940VEI ?Geological estimate
    940 – end unknown
  43. 880VEI ?Geological estimate
    880 – end unknown
  44. 870VEI 4Geological estimate
    870 – end unknown
    Vatnaöldur
  45. 150 (±100 yrs)VEI 2Geological estimate
    150 – end unknown
    Veidivötn (Tjorvahraun)
  46. 1200 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    1200 BCE – end unknown
    Veidivötn (Burfellshraun, Drekahraun)
  47. 4200 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    4200 BCE – end unknown
    Veidvötn (Sigolduhraun THf)
  48. 4400 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    4400 BCE – end unknown
    Veidvötn (Tungnaárhraun THe)
  49. 4550 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    4550 BCE – end unknown
    Veidivötn (Sigolduhraun, Kalfahraun)
  50. 4600 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    4600 BCE – end unknown
    Veidvötn (Tungnaárhraun THd)
  51. 4800 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    4800 BCE – end unknown
    Veidvötn (Tungnaárhraun THc)
  52. 5000 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    5000 BCE – end unknown
    Trölladyngja
  53. 6650 BCE (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    6650 BCE – end unknown
    Veidivötn (Thjorsarhraun)
  54. 7050 BCE (±1000 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    7050 BCE – end unknown
    Veidivötn (Haahraun, Botnahraun)
  55. 7100 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    7100 BCE – end unknown
    Trölladyngja (Bardarhalshraun)

Nearby volcanoes

External links

⚠ For reference only. Not for emergency response.