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Selandia Baru · Stratovolkan

Whakaari/White Island

Tipe
Stratovolkan
Ketinggian
294 m
Letusan terakhir
2026
Whakaari/White Island
Foto: Pseudopanax at English Wikipedia · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Stratovolkan
Negara
Selandia Baru
Wilayah
Tonga & Kermadec / Taupo Volcanic Arc
Ketinggian
294 m
Koordinat
-37.520, 177.180
Letusan terakhir
2026
Kondisi tektonik
Zona subduksi / Kerak benua (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Komposit
Batuan utama
Andesit / Andesit basaltik
Ringkasan geologi

The uninhabited Whakaari/White Island is the 2 x 2.4 km emergent summit of a 16 x 18 km submarine volcano in the Bay of Plenty about 50 km offshore of North Island. The island consists of two overlapping andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcanoes. The SE side of the crater is open at sea level, with the recent activity centered about 1 km from the shore close to the rear crater wall. Volckner Rocks, sea stacks that are remnants of a lava dome, lie 5 km NW. Descriptions of volcanism since 1826 have included intermittent moderate phreatic, phreatomagmatic, and Strombolian eruptions; activity there also forms a prominent part of Maori legends. The formation of many new vents during the 19th and 20th centuries caused rapid changes in crater floor topography. Collapse of the crater wall in 1914 produced a debris avalanche that buried buildings and workers at a sulfur-mining project. Explosive activity in December 2019 took place while tourists were present, resulting in many fatalities. The official government name Whakaari/White Island is a combination of the full Maori name of Te Puia o Whakaari ("The Dramatic Volcano") and White Island (referencing the constant steam plume) given by Captain James Cook in 1769.

Riwayat letusan

43 tercatatGlosarium
Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu · Gunakan tombol panah untuk berpindah batang, Enter untuk membuka
1826~1846 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 21846~1866 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 21866~1886 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 21886~1906 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 21906~1926 · 4 letusan · VEI maks. 21926~1946 · 4 letusan · VEI maks. 31946~1966 · 6 letusan · VEI maks. 31966~1986 · 9 letusan · VEI maks. 31986~2006 · 6 letusan · VEI maks. 32006~2026 · 7 letusan · VEI maks. 218261866192619662006

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2026VEI ?Teramati
    2026-03-10 – 2026-03-24
  2. 2025VEI 1Teramati
    2025-08-28 – 2025-08-28
  3. 2024VEI 1Teramati
    2024-05-24 – 2025-05-13
  4. 2019VEI 2Teramati
    2019-12-09 – 2019-12-09
    1978/90 Crater Complex
  5. 2016VEI 1Teramati
    2016-04-27 – 2016-04-27
    1978/90 Crater Complex
  6. 2016VEI 1Teramati
    2016-09-13 – 2016-09-14
    2012 lava dome
  7. 2012VEI 2Teramati
    2012-08-07 – 2013-10-11
    1978/90 Crater Complex
  8. 2001VEI 2Teramati
    2001-02-19 – 2001-02-19
    MH vent
  9. 2000VEI 3Teramati
    2000-03-07 – 2000-09-05
    MH vent
  10. 1998VEI 1Teramati
    1998-03-28 – 1998-03-29
  11. 1998VEI 2Teramati
    1998-08-22 – 1999-08-16
    NW corner of 1978/90 crater complex
  12. 1995VEI 1Teramati
    1995-06-28 – 1995-06-29
    Wade Crater
  13. 1986VEI 3Teramati
    1986-02-01 – 1994-07-28
    Congress and numerous other craters
  14. 1983VEI 2Teramati
    1983-12-26 – 1984-02-12
    North margin of 1978 crater complex
  15. 1976VEI 3Teramati
    1976-12-18 – 1982-01-29
    Christmas, Gibrus, and 1978 craters
  16. 1974VEI 2Teramati
    1974-09-08 – akhir tidak diketahui
    SE of Donald Mound,
  17. 1971VEI 2Teramati
    1971-04-09 – akhir tidak diketahui
    Noisy Nellie Crater
  18. 1971VEI 2Teramati
    1971-07-19 – 1971-07-20
    South of Rudolf (1971 crater)
  19. 1970VEI 2Teramati
    1970-06-30 – akhir tidak diketahui
    Rudolf vent
  20. 1969VEI 2Teramati
    1969-08-16 – 1969-09-16
    Rudolf vent
  21. 1968VEI 3Teramati
    1968-01-27 – 1969-02-16
    Rudolf vent (back wall of 1933 crater)
  22. 1966VEI 3Teramati
    1966-11-13 – 1967-03-16
    Gilliver Crater
  23. 1962VEI 3Teramati
    1962-12-15 – akhir tidak diketahui
    Big John Crater
  24. 1959VEI 2Teramati
    1959-12-14 – 1959-12-20
    Noisy Nellie Crater
  25. 1958VEI 1Teramati
    1958-12-16 – akhir tidak diketahui
    Noisy Nellie and 1933 craters
  26. 1957VEI 2Teramati
    1957-12-11 – akhir tidak diketahui
  27. 1955VEI 2Teramati
    1955-01-16 – akhir tidak diketahui
  28. 1947VEI 2Teramati
    1947-01-16 – akhir tidak diketahui
    Noisy Nellie Crater
  29. 1933VEI 3Teramati
    1933-04-02 – akhir tidak diketahui
    Foot of crater ridge (1933 crater)
  30. 1930VEI 2Teramati
    1930-03-16 – akhir tidak diketahui
  31. 1928VEI 1Teramati
    1928-09-01 – 1928-09-03
    Between Big Donald and Lot's Wife
  32. 1926VEI 2Teramati
    1926-02-03 – akhir tidak diketahui
    Little Donald vent
  33. 1924VEI 2Teramati
    1924-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahui
    North end of crater (Schuberts Fairy?)
  34. 1922VEI 2Teramati
    1922-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahui
    NW end of crater (Lot's Wife vent)
  35. 1909VEI 2Teramati
    1909-05-13 – akhir tidak diketahui
  36. 1908VEI 2Metode tidak dinyatakan
    1908-11-28 – 1908-12-06
  37. 1886VEI 2Metode tidak dinyatakan
    1886-06-10 – 1886-06-15
  38. 1886VEI 2Teramati
    1886-09-16 – 1886-12-16
  39. 1885VEI 2Metode tidak dinyatakan
    1885-01-16 – akhir tidak diketahui
  40. 1885VEI 2Teramati
    1885-10-16 – akhir tidak diketahui
    West end of crater
  41. 1856 (±8 tahun)VEI 2Metode tidak dinyatakan
    1856-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahui
  42. 1836 (±2 tahun)VEI 2Teramati
    1836-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahui
  43. 1826VEI 2Teramati
    1826-12-01 – akhir tidak diketahui

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