Selandia Baru · Kubah lava
Ōkataina Caldera
Okataina
- Tipe
- Kubah lava
- Ketinggian
- 1111 m
- Letusan terakhir
- 1981
- Tipe
- Kubah lava
- Negara
- Selandia Baru
- Wilayah
- Tonga & Kermadec / Taupo Volcanic Arc
- Ketinggian
- 1111 m
- Koordinat
- -38.157, 176.507
- Letusan terakhir
- 1981
- Kondisi tektonik
- Zona subduksi / Kerak benua (> 25 km)
- Bentuk lahan
- Gugusan gunung api
- Batuan utama
- Riolit
Ringkasan geologi
The massive, dominantly rhyolitic Okataina Volcanic Centre (OVC) is surrounded by extensive ignimbrite and pyroclastic sheets produced during multiple caldera-forming eruptions. Numerous lava domes and craters erupted from two subparallel NE-SW-trending vent lineations form the Haroharo and Tarawera volcanic complexes. Lava domes of the Haroharo complex, at the northern end of the OVC, occupy part of the 16 x 26 km Pleistocene Haroharo caldera, which formed incrementally between 300,000 and 50,000 years before present (BP). The oldest exposed rocks on the caldera floor are about 22,000 years old. The Tarawera complex at the southern end of OVC consists of 11 rhyolitic lava domes and associated lava flows. The oldest domes were formed as late as about 15,000 years BP, and the youngest were formed in the Kaharoa eruption about 800 years BP. The NE-SW Tarawera vent lineation extends from the two dacitic cones of Maungaongaonga and Mangakakaramea on the SW to Mount Edgecumbe on the NE. Construction of the Haroharo and Tarawera complexes impounded lakes Rotoiti, Totoehu, Okataina, and Tarawera against the outer margins of the Okataina ring structure. A major hydrothermal area is located at Waimangu; the world-renowned Pink and White Terrace siliceous sinter deposits were destroyed during the major basaltic explosive eruption of 1886.
Riwayat letusan
31 tercatatGlosariumGaris waktu rinci
- 1981VEI 1Teramati1981-05-16 – 1981-05-16Waimangu (Raupo Pond crater)
- 1978VEI 1Teramati1978-02-23 – 1978-02-23Waimangu (Raupo Pond, Inferno Crater)
- 1973VEI 1Teramati1973-02-22 – 1973-02-22Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1951VEI 1Teramati1951-06-16 – akhir tidak diketahuiRotomahana
- 1926VEI 1Teramati1926-11-17 – 1926-11-18Rotomahana
- 1924VEI 1Teramati1924-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahuiWaimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1918VEI 1Teramati1918-07-02 – 1920-07-02Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1917VEI 1Teramati1917-03-24 – 1917-04-04Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1915VEI 1Teramati1915-02-04 – 1915-04-13Waimangu (Echo Crater & NW of Fairy Crater)
- 1915VEI 1Teramati1915-11-05 – 1915-11-09Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1914VEI 1Teramati1914-01-28 – 1914-02-16Waimangu (NW of Fairy Crater)
- 1913VEI 1Teramati1913-01-27 – 1913-01-27Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1912VEI 1Teramati1912-04-16 – akhir tidak diketahuiWaimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1910VEI 1Teramati1910-07-24 – 1910-07-25Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1908VEI 1Teramati1908-10-01 – 1908-10-01Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1906VEI 1Teramati1906-02-21 – 1906-02-21Waimangu (NW of Fairy Crater)
- 1905VEI 1Teramati1905-02-18 – 1905-02-23Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1905VEI 1Teramati1905-06-17 – 1905-06-17Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1900VEI 1Teramati1900-01-16 – 1904-11-01Waimangu Geyser
- 1896VEI 1Teramati1896-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahuiWaimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1886VEI 5Teramati1886-06-10 – 1886-08-16Tarawera (Wahanga-Waimangu fissure)
- 1310 (±12 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi1310 – 1315Tarawera (Kaharoa eruption)
- 180VEI ?Perkiraan geologi180 – akhir tidak diketahuiTe Kopia thermal area
- 300 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi300 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiMt. Edgecumbe
- 1330 SM (±75 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi1330 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiMt. Edgecumbe
- 1750 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi1750 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiHaroharo (Rotokawau to Rotoatua)
- 3580 SM (±50 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi3580 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiHaroharo (Makatiti and other domes)
- 5550 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi5550 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiMt. Edgecumbe
- 6060 SM (±50 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi6060 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiHaroharo (Te Horoa & other domes)
- 7560 SM (±18 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi7560 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiRotoma caldera, Tuahu, Kawerau
- 8050 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi8050 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiWest Rerewhakaaitu fissures
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