Indonesia · Stratovolkan
Gunung Gamalama
Gamalama
- Tipe
- Stratovolkan
- Ketinggian
- 1714 m
- Letusan terakhir
- 2018
- Tipe
- Stratovolkan
- Negara
- Indonesia
- Wilayah
- Pasifik Barat / Halmahera Volcanic Arc
- Ketinggian
- 1714 m
- Koordinat
- 0.810, 127.332
- Letusan terakhir
- 2018
- Kondisi tektonik
- Zona subduksi / Kerak samudra (< 15 km)
- Bentuk lahan
- Komposit
- Batuan utama
- Andesit / Andesit basaltik
Ringkasan geologi
Gamalama is a near-conical stratovolcano that comprises the entire island of Ternate off the western coast of Halmahera, and is one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes. The island was a major regional center in the Portuguese and Dutch spice trade for several centuries, which contributed to the extensive documentation of activity. Three cones, progressively younger to the north, form the summit. Several maars and vents define a rift zone, parallel to the Halmahera island arc, that cuts the volcano; the S-flank Ngade maar formed after about 14,500–13,000 cal. BP (Faral et al., 2022). Eruptions, recorded frequently since the 16th century, typically originated from the summit craters, although flank eruptions have occurred in 1763, 1770, 1775, and 1962-63.
Ringkasan Wikipedia
Ringkasan InggrisGamalama is a near-conical active stratovolcano that comprises the entire Ternate island in Indonesia. The island lies off the western shore of Halmahera island in the north of the Maluku Islands. For centuries, Ternate was a center of Portuguese and Dutch forts for spice trade, which have accounted for thorough reports of Gamalama's volcanic activities.
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Riwayat letusan
84 tercatatGlosariumGaris waktu rinci
- 2018VEI 1Teramati2018-10-04 – 2018-10-06Summit crater
- 2016VEI 1Teramati2016-08-03 – 2016-08-04Summit crater
- 2015VEI 2Teramati2015-07-16 – 2015-09-08Summit crater
- 2014VEI 2Teramati2014-12-18 – 2014-12-25Summit crater
- 2012VEI 1Teramati2012-09-15 – 2012-09-17Summit crater
- 2011VEI 2Teramati2011-12-05 – 2011-12-23Summit crater
- 2008VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan2008-05-10 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 2007VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan2007-08-23 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 2003VEI 2Teramati2003-07-31 – 2003-10-02
- 1996VEI 2Teramati1996-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1994VEI 2Teramati1994-01-16 – 1994-10-15
- 1993VEI 2Teramati1993-05-06 – 1993-05-21
- 1991VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1991-06-15 – 1991-06-15
- 1990VEI 3Teramati1990-04-25 – 1990-04-26
- 1988VEI 2Teramati1988-02-12 – 1988-03-16
- 1983VEI 3Teramati1983-08-09 – 1983-08-12
- 1980VEI 2Teramati1980-09-04 – 1980-09-23
- 1962VEI 2Teramati1962-12-31 – 1963-01-02East flank
- 1938VEI 2Teramati1938-09-08 – 1938-09-08
- 1933VEI 2Teramati1933-11-12 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1932VEI 2Teramati1932-11-10 – 1932-11-13
- 1923VEI 2Teramati1923-04-13 – 1923-05-06
- 1918VEI 1Teramati1918-08-16 – 1918-09-04
- 1911VEI 1Teramati1911-09-02 – 1911-09-06
- 1907VEI 2Teramati1907-11-17 – 1907-11-20
- 1900VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1900-05-16 – 1900-06-04
- 1898VEI 2Teramati1898-05-14 – 1898-05-28
- 1897VEI 1Teramati1897-09-07 – 1897-09-24
- 1896VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1896-08-03 – 1896-08-04
- 1895VEI 1Teramati1895-12-19 – 1895-12-19
- 1884VEI 2Teramati1884-05-16 – 1884-05-16
- 1884VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1884-12-08 – 1884-12-09
- 1871VEI 2Teramati1871-08-07 – 1871-09-25
- 1868VEI 1Teramati1868-03-13 – 1868-03-13
- 1868VEI 2Teramati1868-11-13 – 1869-02-10
- 1864VEI 2Teramati1864-01-20 – 1864-02-17
- 1864VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1864-06-04 – 1864-06-25
- 1864VEI 2Teramati1864-12-27 – 1865-01-02
- 1863VEI 2Metode tidak dinyatakan1863-05-01 – 1863-06-16
- 1862VEI 2Teramati1862-07-15 – 1862-10-16
- 1860VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1860-06-16 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1858VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1858-11-16 – 1859-09-16
- 1849VEI 2Teramati1849-11-27 – 1850-11-19
- 1847VEI 2Teramati1847-02-07 – 1847-02-07
- 1847VEI ?Teramati1847-09-07 – 1847-09-07
- 1846VEI 2Teramati1846-05-19 – 1846-05-19
- 1845VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1845-04-23 – 1845-09-03
- 1844VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1844-03-24 – 1844-11-14
- 1843VEI 2Teramati1843-04-10 – 1843-05-27
- 1842VEI 1Teramati1842-10-06 – 1842-12-31
- 1841VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1841-03-30 – 1841-11-20
- 1840VEI 3Teramati1840-02-02 – 1840-09-29
- 1839VEI 2Teramati1839-01-29 – 1839-03-26
- 1838VEI 2Teramati1838-02-26 – 1838-05-16
- 1835VEI 2Teramati1835-01-04 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1833VEI 2Teramati1833-06-15 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1831VEI 2Teramati1831-05-27 – 1831-06-27
- 1830VEI ?Metode tidak dinyatakan1830-07-02 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1821VEI 1Metode tidak dinyatakan1821-08-22 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1814VEI 2Teramati1814-11-27 – 1814-11-28
- 1812VEI 2Teramati1812-09-07 – 1812-09-07
- 1811VEI 2Teramati1811-02-01 – 1811-05-16
- 1781VEI ?Metode tidak dinyatakan1781 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1775VEI 3Teramati1775-08-20 – 1775-11-06Summit and NW flank (100 m)
- 1773VEI 2Teramati1773-02-02 – 1773-02-07
- 1773VEI 2Teramati1773-10-21 – 1774-01-22
- 1771VEI 3Teramati1771-08-28 – 1772-10-09
- 1770VEI 3Teramati1770-07-06 – 1770-12-09
- 1763VEI 2Teramati1763 – akhir tidak diketahuiNorth flank
- 1739VEI 2Teramati1739 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1737VEI 2Teramati1737-03-10 – 1737-03-13
- 1687VEI 3Teramati1687-05-10 – 1687-05-11
- 1686VEI 2Teramati1686-09 – 1686-10-13
- 1676VEI 2Teramati1676-12-31 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1659VEI 2Teramati1659-06 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1653VEI 3Teramati1653-12-31 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1648VEI 2Teramati1648-06-15 – 1648-06-18
- 1643VEI 2Metode tidak dinyatakan1643-06-15 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1635VEI 2Teramati1635-03-29 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1608VEI 3Teramati1608-07-18 – 1608-07-19
- 1605VEI 2Teramati1605-05 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1561VEI 2Teramati1561-12-31 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1538VEI 3Teramati1538 – akhir tidak diketahui
- 1510 (±10 tahun)VEI 3Teramati1510 – akhir tidak diketahui
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