Indonesia · Stratovulcano
Gamalama
- Tipo
- Stratovulcano
- Altitudine
- 1714 m
- Ultima eruzione
- 2018
- Tipo
- Stratovulcano
- Paese
- Indonesia
- Regione
- Pacifico occidentale / Halmahera Volcanic Arc
- Altitudine
- 1714 m
- Coordinate
- 0.810, 127.332
- Ultima eruzione
- 2018
- Contesto tettonico
- Zona di subduzione / Crosta oceanica (< 15 km)
- Forma vulcanica
- Composito
- Roccia principale
- Andesite / Andesite basaltica
Sintesi geologica
Gamalama is a near-conical stratovolcano that comprises the entire island of Ternate off the western coast of Halmahera, and is one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes. The island was a major regional center in the Portuguese and Dutch spice trade for several centuries, which contributed to the extensive documentation of activity. Three cones, progressively younger to the north, form the summit. Several maars and vents define a rift zone, parallel to the Halmahera island arc, that cuts the volcano; the S-flank Ngade maar formed after about 14,500–13,000 cal. BP (Faral et al., 2022). Eruptions, recorded frequently since the 16th century, typically originated from the summit craters, although flank eruptions have occurred in 1763, 1770, 1775, and 1962-63.
Sintesi da Wikipedia
Riassunto in ingleseGamalama is a near-conical active stratovolcano that comprises the entire Ternate island in Indonesia. The island lies off the western shore of Halmahera island in the north of the Maluku Islands. For centuries, Ternate was a center of Portuguese and Dutch forts for spice trade, which have accounted for thorough reports of Gamalama's volcanic activities.
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Storia delle eruzioni
84 registrateGlossarioCronologia dettagliata
- 2018VEI 1Osservata2018-10-04 – 2018-10-06Summit crater
- 2016VEI 1Osservata2016-08-03 – 2016-08-04Summit crater
- 2015VEI 2Osservata2015-07-16 – 2015-09-08Summit crater
- 2014VEI 2Osservata2014-12-18 – 2014-12-25Summit crater
- 2012VEI 1Osservata2012-09-15 – 2012-09-17Summit crater
- 2011VEI 2Osservata2011-12-05 – 2011-12-23Summit crater
- 2008VEI 1Metodo non indicato2008-05-10 – fine sconosciuta
- 2007VEI 1Metodo non indicato2007-08-23 – fine sconosciuta
- 2003VEI 2Osservata2003-07-31 – 2003-10-02
- 1996VEI 2Osservata1996-07-02 – fine sconosciuta
- 1994VEI 2Osservata1994-01-16 – 1994-10-15
- 1993VEI 2Osservata1993-05-06 – 1993-05-21
- 1991VEI 1Metodo non indicato1991-06-15 – 1991-06-15
- 1990VEI 3Osservata1990-04-25 – 1990-04-26
- 1988VEI 2Osservata1988-02-12 – 1988-03-16
- 1983VEI 3Osservata1983-08-09 – 1983-08-12
- 1980VEI 2Osservata1980-09-04 – 1980-09-23
- 1962VEI 2Osservata1962-12-31 – 1963-01-02East flank
- 1938VEI 2Osservata1938-09-08 – 1938-09-08
- 1933VEI 2Osservata1933-11-12 – fine sconosciuta
- 1932VEI 2Osservata1932-11-10 – 1932-11-13
- 1923VEI 2Osservata1923-04-13 – 1923-05-06
- 1918VEI 1Osservata1918-08-16 – 1918-09-04
- 1911VEI 1Osservata1911-09-02 – 1911-09-06
- 1907VEI 2Osservata1907-11-17 – 1907-11-20
- 1900VEI 1Metodo non indicato1900-05-16 – 1900-06-04
- 1898VEI 2Osservata1898-05-14 – 1898-05-28
- 1897VEI 1Osservata1897-09-07 – 1897-09-24
- 1896VEI 1Metodo non indicato1896-08-03 – 1896-08-04
- 1895VEI 1Osservata1895-12-19 – 1895-12-19
- 1884VEI 2Osservata1884-05-16 – 1884-05-16
- 1884VEI 1Metodo non indicato1884-12-08 – 1884-12-09
- 1871VEI 2Osservata1871-08-07 – 1871-09-25
- 1868VEI 1Osservata1868-03-13 – 1868-03-13
- 1868VEI 2Osservata1868-11-13 – 1869-02-10
- 1864VEI 2Osservata1864-01-20 – 1864-02-17
- 1864VEI 1Metodo non indicato1864-06-04 – 1864-06-25
- 1864VEI 2Osservata1864-12-27 – 1865-01-02
- 1863VEI 2Metodo non indicato1863-05-01 – 1863-06-16
- 1862VEI 2Osservata1862-07-15 – 1862-10-16
- 1860VEI 1Metodo non indicato1860-06-16 – fine sconosciuta
- 1858VEI 1Metodo non indicato1858-11-16 – 1859-09-16
- 1849VEI 2Osservata1849-11-27 – 1850-11-19
- 1847VEI 2Osservata1847-02-07 – 1847-02-07
- 1847VEI ?Osservata1847-09-07 – 1847-09-07
- 1846VEI 2Osservata1846-05-19 – 1846-05-19
- 1845VEI 1Metodo non indicato1845-04-23 – 1845-09-03
- 1844VEI 1Metodo non indicato1844-03-24 – 1844-11-14
- 1843VEI 2Osservata1843-04-10 – 1843-05-27
- 1842VEI 1Osservata1842-10-06 – 1842-12-31
- 1841VEI 1Metodo non indicato1841-03-30 – 1841-11-20
- 1840VEI 3Osservata1840-02-02 – 1840-09-29
- 1839VEI 2Osservata1839-01-29 – 1839-03-26
- 1838VEI 2Osservata1838-02-26 – 1838-05-16
- 1835VEI 2Osservata1835-01-04 – fine sconosciuta
- 1833VEI 2Osservata1833-06-15 – fine sconosciuta
- 1831VEI 2Osservata1831-05-27 – 1831-06-27
- 1830VEI ?Metodo non indicato1830-07-02 – fine sconosciuta
- 1821VEI 1Metodo non indicato1821-08-22 – fine sconosciuta
- 1814VEI 2Osservata1814-11-27 – 1814-11-28
- 1812VEI 2Osservata1812-09-07 – 1812-09-07
- 1811VEI 2Osservata1811-02-01 – 1811-05-16
- 1781VEI ?Metodo non indicato1781 – fine sconosciuta
- 1775VEI 3Osservata1775-08-20 – 1775-11-06Summit and NW flank (100 m)
- 1773VEI 2Osservata1773-02-02 – 1773-02-07
- 1773VEI 2Osservata1773-10-21 – 1774-01-22
- 1771VEI 3Osservata1771-08-28 – 1772-10-09
- 1770VEI 3Osservata1770-07-06 – 1770-12-09
- 1763VEI 2Osservata1763 – fine sconosciutaNorth flank
- 1739VEI 2Osservata1739 – fine sconosciuta
- 1737VEI 2Osservata1737-03-10 – 1737-03-13
- 1687VEI 3Osservata1687-05-10 – 1687-05-11
- 1686VEI 2Osservata1686-09 – 1686-10-13
- 1676VEI 2Osservata1676-12-31 – fine sconosciuta
- 1659VEI 2Osservata1659-06 – fine sconosciuta
- 1653VEI 3Osservata1653-12-31 – fine sconosciuta
- 1648VEI 2Osservata1648-06-15 – 1648-06-18
- 1643VEI 2Metodo non indicato1643-06-15 – fine sconosciuta
- 1635VEI 2Osservata1635-03-29 – fine sconosciuta
- 1608VEI 3Osservata1608-07-18 – 1608-07-19
- 1605VEI 2Osservata1605-05 – fine sconosciuta
- 1561VEI 2Osservata1561-12-31 – fine sconosciuta
- 1538VEI 3Osservata1538 – fine sconosciuta
- 1510 (±10 anni)VEI 3Osservata1510 – fine sconosciuta
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