Islanda · Caldera
Hverfjall
Krafla
- Tipo
- Caldera
- Altitudine
- 800 m
- Ultima eruzione
- 1984
- Tipo
- Caldera
- Paese
- Islanda
- Regione
- Oceano Atlantico / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
- Altitudine
- 800 m
- Coordinate
- 65.715, -16.728
- Ultima eruzione
- 1984
- Contesto tettonico
- Zona di rift / Crosta oceanica (< 15 km)
- Forma vulcanica
- Gruppo vulcanico
- Roccia principale
- Basalto / Picrobasalto
Sintesi geologica
The Krafla volcanic system in the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ) of Iceland is about 100 km long, consisting of a fissure swarm and a central volcano with a 7 x 9 km caldera formed about 110,000 years ago that deposited a rhyolitic welded tuff. It has been moderately active in the Holocene, over three distinct eruptive periods; the current one has lasted about 2,800 years with six volcano-tectonic episodes, each with one or more basaltic fissure eruptions. Lava volumes (DRE) have been in the 0.1-1 km3 range. The Hverfjall and Ludent tuff rings east of Myvatn were erupted along the fissure system. Myvatn lake formed during the eruption of the older Laxarhraun lava flow from the Ketildyngja shield volcano of the Fremrinamur volcanic system about 3,800 years before present (BP); The present Myvatn lake is constrained by the roughly 2,000 years BP younger Laxarhraun lava flow from the Krafla volcanic system. The abundant pseudocraters that form a prominent part of the Myvatn landscape were created when the younger Laxarhraun lava flow entered the lake. The last eruption took place in 1975-1984 CE when nine small basaltic fissure eruptions produced 0.25 km3 of lava.
Sintesi da Wikipedia
Hverfjall o Hverfell è un vulcano situato nella regione del Norðurland eystra, nella parte nord-orientale dell'Islanda.
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Storia delle eruzioni
23 registrateGlossarioCronologia dettagliata
- 1984VEI 0Osservata1984-09-04 – 1984-09-18Leirhnjúkur to 8.5 km north
- 1981VEI 0Osservata1981-01-30 – 1981-02-046-8 km N of Leirhnjúkur
- 1981VEI 0Osservata1981-11-18 – 1981-11-23Leirhnjúkur to 9 km north
- 1980VEI 0Osservata1980-03-16 – 1980-10-23Leirhnjúkur to 11 km north
- 1977VEI 1Osservata1977-04-27 – 1977-09-083 km north of Leirhnjúkur
- 1975VEI 0Osservata1975-12-20 – 1975-12-201.5-2.5 km north of Leirhnjúkur
- 1746VEI 1Osservata1746-07-10 – 1746-07-10Leirhnjúkur crater row
- 1729VEI 2Osservata1729-06-30 – 1729-09-25Leirhnjúkur crater row
- 1728VEI 2Osservata1728-04-18 – fine sconosciutaLeirhnjúkur, Hrossadalur, Bjarnarflag
- 1728VEI 2Osservata1728-12-18 – fine sconosciutaLeirhnjúkur crater row
- 1727VEI 2Osservata1727-08-21 – fine sconosciutaNorth end of Leirhnjúkur
- 1724VEI 2Osservata1724-05-17 – 1724-05-18Víti (1.5 km east of Leirhnjúkur)
- 1300 (±200 anni)VEI 2Stima geologica1300 – fine sconosciutaCrater south of Víti
- 850VEI 0Stima geologica850 – fine sconosciutaDaleldar, Svortuborgir
- 250 (±300 anni)VEI 0Stima geologica250 – fine sconosciutaKerlingarholar
- 50 a.C.VEI 2Stima geologica50 a.C. – fine sconosciutaHolseldar
- 500 a.C. (±300 anni)VEI 0Stima geologica500 a.C. – fine sconosciutaNorth of Hverfjall
- 650 a.C.VEI 4Stima geologica650 a.C. – fine sconosciutaHverfjall, Jarbadsholar
- 3050 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica3050 a.C. – fine sconosciutaHvannstód
- 6500 a.C.VEI ?Stima geologica6500 a.C. – fine sconosciutaKröfluhalshraun
- 6800 a.C.VEI 2Stima geologica6800 a.C. – fine sconosciutaHveragil
- 6850 a.C.VEI 2Stima geologica6850 a.C. – fine sconosciutaBondholshraun, Hveragil
- 8500 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica8500 a.C. – fine sconosciutaGjastykkisbunga
Vulcani nelle vicinanze
Link esterni
⚠ Solo a scopo informativo. Non adatto a situazioni di emergenza.