Islandia · Kaldera
Hverfjall
Krafla
- Tipe
- Kaldera
- Ketinggian
- 800 m
- Letusan terakhir
- 1984
- Tipe
- Kaldera
- Negara
- Islandia
- Wilayah
- Samudra Atlantik / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
- Ketinggian
- 800 m
- Koordinat
- 65.715, -16.728
- Letusan terakhir
- 1984
- Kondisi tektonik
- Zona rift / Kerak samudra (< 15 km)
- Bentuk lahan
- Gugusan gunung api
- Batuan utama
- Basal / Pikrobasal
Ringkasan geologi
The Krafla volcanic system in the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ) of Iceland is about 100 km long, consisting of a fissure swarm and a central volcano with a 7 x 9 km caldera formed about 110,000 years ago that deposited a rhyolitic welded tuff. It has been moderately active in the Holocene, over three distinct eruptive periods; the current one has lasted about 2,800 years with six volcano-tectonic episodes, each with one or more basaltic fissure eruptions. Lava volumes (DRE) have been in the 0.1-1 km3 range. The Hverfjall and Ludent tuff rings east of Myvatn were erupted along the fissure system. Myvatn lake formed during the eruption of the older Laxarhraun lava flow from the Ketildyngja shield volcano of the Fremrinamur volcanic system about 3,800 years before present (BP); The present Myvatn lake is constrained by the roughly 2,000 years BP younger Laxarhraun lava flow from the Krafla volcanic system. The abundant pseudocraters that form a prominent part of the Myvatn landscape were created when the younger Laxarhraun lava flow entered the lake. The last eruption took place in 1975-1984 CE when nine small basaltic fissure eruptions produced 0.25 km3 of lava.
Ringkasan Wikipedia
Ringkasan InggrisHverfjall is a tephra cone or tuff ring volcano in northern Iceland, to the east of Mývatn.
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Riwayat letusan
23 tercatatGlosariumGaris waktu rinci
- 1984VEI 0Teramati1984-09-04 – 1984-09-18Leirhnjúkur to 8.5 km north
- 1981VEI 0Teramati1981-01-30 – 1981-02-046-8 km N of Leirhnjúkur
- 1981VEI 0Teramati1981-11-18 – 1981-11-23Leirhnjúkur to 9 km north
- 1980VEI 0Teramati1980-03-16 – 1980-10-23Leirhnjúkur to 11 km north
- 1977VEI 1Teramati1977-04-27 – 1977-09-083 km north of Leirhnjúkur
- 1975VEI 0Teramati1975-12-20 – 1975-12-201.5-2.5 km north of Leirhnjúkur
- 1746VEI 1Teramati1746-07-10 – 1746-07-10Leirhnjúkur crater row
- 1729VEI 2Teramati1729-06-30 – 1729-09-25Leirhnjúkur crater row
- 1728VEI 2Teramati1728-04-18 – akhir tidak diketahuiLeirhnjúkur, Hrossadalur, Bjarnarflag
- 1728VEI 2Teramati1728-12-18 – akhir tidak diketahuiLeirhnjúkur crater row
- 1727VEI 2Teramati1727-08-21 – akhir tidak diketahuiNorth end of Leirhnjúkur
- 1724VEI 2Teramati1724-05-17 – 1724-05-18Víti (1.5 km east of Leirhnjúkur)
- 1300 (±200 tahun)VEI 2Perkiraan geologi1300 – akhir tidak diketahuiCrater south of Víti
- 850VEI 0Perkiraan geologi850 – akhir tidak diketahuiDaleldar, Svortuborgir
- 250 (±300 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi250 – akhir tidak diketahuiKerlingarholar
- 50 SMVEI 2Perkiraan geologi50 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiHolseldar
- 500 SM (±300 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi500 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiNorth of Hverfjall
- 650 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi650 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiHverfjall, Jarbadsholar
- 3050 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi3050 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiHvannstód
- 6500 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi6500 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiKröfluhalshraun
- 6800 SMVEI 2Perkiraan geologi6800 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiHveragil
- 6850 SMVEI 2Perkiraan geologi6850 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiBondholshraun, Hveragil
- 8500 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi8500 SM – akhir tidak diketahuiGjastykkisbunga
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